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Over 150 years ago, Mendel deciphered the basic laws of heredity, using life forms less complex than human beings - peas. He did not know that he was seeing the hereditary changes of the DNA. However, RNA, The DNA transcript, can also play a role in hereditary. The groundbreaking research on the RNAi mechanism was conducted mainly on tiny worms called C.elegans nematodes.
In Dr. Oded Rechavi’s laboratory at Tel Aviv University, nematodes are used to examine a radical concept that was also studied after the Dutch famine during World War II. According to this concept, environmental changes can become inheritable, though not via genetic changes in the DNA sequence, but rather by epigenetic mechanisms, namely other inherited molecules.
The laboratory staff demonstrated that under conditions of extreme stress, such as starvation, a fascinating phenomenon occurs: offsprings whose parents had suffered starvation showed a much longer life expectancy than worms whose parents had been well-fed.
This phenomenon lasts several generations - and then disappears.
The research shows that starvation causes transference of small RNA molecules between the generations. The inherited RNA molecules affect the genes of the offspring, and there is an “Internal Enhancement” mechanism that prevents the weakening of the reaction throughout the generations.
This mechanism can also be reset. If normal inheritance of small RNA molecules continues for a limited number of generations, renewed stress will cause the cycle to start again, and will prolong the epigenetic, or beyond the DNA, inheritance.
Studies conducted on relatively simple animals are the research basis for understanding the operational mechanisms of inheritance processes that also apply to humans, including epigenetic mechanisms.
The next step is to investigate whether small RNA inheritance may also affect the process of evolution.
In Dr. Oded Rechavi’s laboratory at Tel Aviv University, nematodes are used to examine a radical concept that was also studied after the Dutch famine during World War II. According to this concept, environmental changes can become inheritable, though not via genetic changes in the DNA sequence, but rather by epigenetic mechanisms, namely other inherited molecules.
The laboratory staff demonstrated that under conditions of extreme stress, such as starvation, a fascinating phenomenon occurs: offsprings whose parents had suffered starvation showed a much longer life expectancy than worms whose parents had been well-fed.
This phenomenon lasts several generations - and then disappears.
The research shows that starvation causes transference of small RNA molecules between the generations. The inherited RNA molecules affect the genes of the offspring, and there is an “Internal Enhancement” mechanism that prevents the weakening of the reaction throughout the generations.
This mechanism can also be reset. If normal inheritance of small RNA molecules continues for a limited number of generations, renewed stress will cause the cycle to start again, and will prolong the epigenetic, or beyond the DNA, inheritance.
Studies conducted on relatively simple animals are the research basis for understanding the operational mechanisms of inheritance processes that also apply to humans, including epigenetic mechanisms.
The next step is to investigate whether small RNA inheritance may also affect the process of evolution.
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